Endoscopy is an umbrella term used for the various invasive procedures which involve using an endoscope to examine the interior of an organ (such as kidney) or a cavity (such as mediastinum) of the body. This is an invasive procedure as the endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ for diagnostic and / or therapeutic purposes. If the doctor finds an abnormality during the procedure, a biopsy may also be done to examine the suspected part further.

Some of the most common types of endoscopy procedures, the body parts examined and the scopes used are as follows:

1. Arthroscopy – Done by an orthopedic surgeon to examine joints using an Arthroscope.
2. Bronchoscopy – A bronchoscope is used to examine the airways and/or condition of the lungs typically by a pulmonologist or ENT surgeon, by inserting it through nose, mouth or by tracheostomy
3. Colonoscopy – A procedure is done by a gastroenterologist or proctologist, to examine the colon, by inserting a colonoscope through the anus.
4. Cystoscopy – A procedure done by Urologist to examine the bladder by inserting a cystoscope through the urethra.
5. Enteroscopy – A procedure done by a gastroenterologist to examine the small intestine by inserting the scope through either the mouth or anus.
6. Hysteroscopy – A procedure is done by a gynecologist to examine the uterus, by inserting the hysteroscope through the vagina.
7. Laparoscopy – A procedure done by general surgeons, to examine the abdominal or pelvic areas, by inserting the laparoscopy through a small incision made near the part being examined.
8. Laryngoscopy – A procedure is done by an ENT specialist to examine the larynx, by inserting the laryngoscope through the mouth or nose.
9. Colposcopy – A procedure done by a gynecologist to examine the vagina or cervix, by inserting the colposcope through the vagina.
10. Sigmoidoscopy – A procedure done by a gastroenterologist or proctologist to examine the rectum and the lower part of the large intestine called the sigmoid colon, by inserting the sigmoidoscope through the anus.
11. Thoracoscopy / Pleuroscopy – A procedure done by a pulmonologist or Thoracic surgeon to examine the area between the lungs and chest wall/ Pleura, by inserting the Thoracoscope through a small incision in the chest.
12. Nasopharygoscopy – A procedure is done by an ENT doctor, in which the doctor inserts a flexible scope tube through the nose and reaches it to the back of the throat to examine the nasopharynx.
13. Upper GI endoscopy or Esophagoscopy/gastroscopy/duodenoscopy – A procedure done by a gastroenterologist to examine the upper GI tract (Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum), by inserting the scope through the mouth.
14. Neuroendoscopy – A procedure is done by a  Neurosurgeon, to examine areas of the brain, by inserting the neuro endoscopy through an incision in the skull near the area to be examined.
15. Mediastinoscopy – A procedure is done by a Thoracic Surgeon, to examine the mediastinum or areas between lungs, by inserting the scope through an incision above the breastbone.
16. Ureteroscopy – A procedure done by a Urologist to examine the ureter and Kidney by inserting a ureteroscope through the urethra.
17. Otoscopy – The otoscope is used by an ENT doctor to examine the ear.